Biodiversity Catalogues

Digital Infrastructure for Life on Earth - Documenting, organizing, and protecting our planet's incredible biological diversity through comprehensive digital systems

Explore the World of Biodiversity

What Are Biodiversity Catalogues?

Biodiversity catalogues represent critical infrastructure for documenting, organizing, and accessing information about life on Earth. These comprehensive systems encompass digital libraries, species checklists, taxonomic databases, and geospatial resources that collectively support scientific research, conservation efforts, and policy-making worldwide.

Digital Libraries

Comprehensive digital repositories containing millions of pages of biodiversity literature, historical documents, and scientific publications accessible to researchers worldwide.

Species Checklists

Authoritative lists of known species with validated scientific names, taxonomic classifications, and comprehensive metadata supporting global biodiversity monitoring.

Geospatial Resources

Location-based data systems mapping species occurrences, habitat distributions, and ecosystem boundaries to support conservation planning and research.

Major Global Biodiversity Catalogues

Catalogue of Life

The most comprehensive initiative to compile a single, integrated list of all known species worldwide. Currently includes species drawn from global data sources with ChecklistBank hosting extensive taxonomic and nomenclatural data.

2.2M Species 169 Data Sources 59K+ Taxonomic Sources
2.2M
Known Species Catalogued

Biodiversity Heritage Library

The world's largest open access digital library for biodiversity literature and archives, operating as a global consortium of natural history museums, botanical gardens, and research institutions.

63M+ Pages 120K+ Titles 660+ Contributors
63M
Digitized Pages

Global Biodiversity Information Facility

International network and data infrastructure providing open access to species occurrence data. GBIF mediates access to billions of species records from institutions worldwide, enabling cross-disciplinary research.

3.5B+ Records 26K+ Datasets 10K+ Papers Enabled
3.5B
Species Occurrence Records

Specialized Biodiversity Catalogues

All-Taxa Biodiversity Inventories

Comprehensive efforts to document all biological species within defined areas. The Great Smoky Mountains example has documented over 22,000 species with more than 1,000 new to science.

22K+ Species 1K+ New Species
NatureServe

Network of conservation experts tracking species and ecosystems, with emphasis on imperiled species. Maintains over one million mapped locations documenting conservation priorities.

100K Species 7K Ecosystems 60+ Programs
BIOFIN Catalogue

UN Development Programme initiative addressing biodiversity financing challenges across 130+ countries. Catalyzed over $1.6 billion in biodiversity finance since 2018.

130+ Countries $1.6B+ Finance 150+ Solutions
European Environment Agency

EEA Spatial Data Infrastructure providing access to geospatial datasets for habitats, species distributions, and protected sites across Europe since 2012.

1600+ Records 78 INSPIRE Datasets Since 2012

Additional Key Resources

Encyclopedia of Life

Provides free, open, multilingual digital access to information on nearly 2 million known species. Led by the Smithsonian Institution with advanced trait terms management and phylogenetic capabilities.

2M
Species Profiles Available
Founded 2008 Multilingual Access

World Register of Marine Species

Authoritative and comprehensive catalogue of marine organisms hosted by the Flanders Marine Institute. Provides validated names for all known marine species worldwide.

248K
Accepted Marine Species
518K Total Names 98% Checked

Applications & Research Impact

Scientific Research

Species distribution modeling, climate change impacts, evolutionary studies

Conservation

Protected area planning, endangered species monitoring, habitat assessment

Policy Support

Environmental regulations, international agreements, biodiversity reporting

Disease Ecology

Invasive species tracking, pathogen distribution, health monitoring

Research Impact Statistics

10,000+
Scientific Papers Enabled
3
Papers Published Daily
1,062
Journals Represented

GBIF-mediated data supports research across all 13 major disciplinary categories, with 79% focusing on biology-related subdisciplines.

Data Standards & Interoperability

Darwin Core Standard

Stable framework underpinning biodiversity data sharing, providing standardized terminology for compiling data from varied sources worldwide.

DwC Format
TDWG Standards

Biodiversity Information Standards organization developing protocols for exchanging biological data and promoting best practices globally.

Global Standards
ColDP Specification

Recommended exchange format for COL ChecklistBank, providing tabular text format with semantic versioning for taxonomic data.

Version 1.1

Challenges & Future Directions

Current Challenges

Data Gaps

Spatial and temporal gaps in monitoring data affect representativeness and can lead to misplaced conservation action.

Digitization Backlog

Only 10% of biological collections worldwide are available in digital form, with complete digitization requiring decades at current rates.

Taxonomic Discrepancies

Mismatch between data availability and research use across different taxonomic groups and geographic regions.

Discovery vs Understanding

Knowledge gaps may increase if species discovery outpaces ecological understanding and habitat documentation.

Future Innovations

Artificial Intelligence

AI applications for automated species identification, pattern recognition, and improved cataloguing efficiency.

Enhanced Assembly

COL expansion from 168 to 17,500 data sources enables monthly updates and community contributions.

Global Expansion

BIOFIN scaling to 130+ countries with GEF funding, helping integrate biodiversity into national financial systems.

Integrated Systems

Alliance partnerships building shared services and regional funding mechanisms for enhanced global coverage.

Looking Forward

Biodiversity catalogues continue evolving toward comprehensive, integrated, and accessible systems supporting global research, policy, and conservation efforts.

1,150%
GBIF Data Growth (Past Decade)
50+
Countries with National Finance Plans

Built by Tyler Norton